Software Test Design Techniques
1) Introduction to Software Test Design Techniques
2) Static together with Dynamic Test Design Techniques
3) Black box Test Design Techniques
a) Equivalence Partitioning (EP)
b) Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
c) Decision Table Testing
d) State Transition Testing
e) Use Case Testing
--------------------------------------------------
1) Introduction to Software Test Design Techniques
> What is Technique?
An Efficient means of doing or achieving something.
> What is Test Design Technique?
A attempt blueprint technique is used to pick out a skillful laid of tests from the all possible tests for a given system.
> Why nosotros demand to purpose Test Design Techniques?
Exhaustive Testing is non possible, together with then nosotros demand to purpose Test Design Techniques inwards club to trim the size of the input.
Exhaustive Testing is a Test approach inwards which the attempt suite comprises all combination of input values together with preconditions.
Exhaustive Testing is non recommendable due to Time together with Budget considerations.
> Categories of Test Design Techniques?
There are 2 master copy categories of Test Design Techniques, They are:
a) Static Techniques
b) Dynamic Techniques
--------------------------------------------------
2) Static together with Dynamic Test Design Techniques
A) Static Techniques
> Testing of the software documents manually or amongst a laid of tools but without executing the Software.
Two types of static testing techniques
i) Reviews (Manual Examination)
ii) Static Analysis (Automated Analysis)
-------------------------------
i) Reviews
Types of Reviews
a) Informal Review
b) Walkthrough
c) Technical Review
d) Inspection
ii) Static Analysis
Static analysis tools are typically used past times developers, Compilers offering merely about back upwards for Static analysis,
------------------------------------
B) Dynamic Test Design Techniques
> The software is tested past times executing it on computer.
Categories of Dynamic Test Design Techniques
i) Specification based or Black box Techniques a) Equivalence Partitioning (EP)
b) Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
c) Decision Table Testing
d) State Transition Testing
e) Use Case Testing Etc...
ii) Structure based or White box Techniques a) Statement Testing together with coverage
b) Decision Testing together with Coverage
c) Condition Testing, Multi Condition Testing etc...
iii) Experience based Techniques a) Error Guessing
b) Exploratory Testing
--------------------------------------------------
3) Black box Test Design Techniques
a) Equivalence Partitioning (EP)
b) Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
c) Decision Table Testing
d) State Transition Testing
e) Use Case Testing
--------------------------------------------------
a) Equivalence Partitioning (EP)
• It tin last applied at whatever degree of testing (Unit, Integration, System together with Acceptance Testing)
• In Equivalence Partitioning, inputs to the Software are divided into groups that are expected to demo similar behavior.
• Equivalence Partitions/Classes tin last flora for both valid information together with invalid data.
Example 1 (Data Range):
Tickets champaign inwards a Reservation organization accepts 1 to 10 Tickets only.
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3
0 1 to 10 eleven to 99 or above
(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid)
Example 2 (Data Type):
Customer Identification Number champaign inwards a CRM organization accepts exclusively numbers.
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3 Partition 4
Alpha bytes Numbers Special Characters Alpha-numeric
(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid) (Invalid)
Example iii (Data Size)
Phone Number filed accepts 10 digits set out only
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3
Below 10 10 Above 10
(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid)
Example four (Others)
A Payment administration organization accepts credit carte du jour payments only
Partition 1 Partisan 2 Partisan 3
Credit card Net Banking Cash on Delivery
(Valid) (Invalid) (Invalid)
--------------------------------------------------
b) Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
• The maximum together with minimum values of a segmentation are its boundary values.
• Behavior at border of each equivalence segmentation is to a greater extent than probable to last wrong than demeanour inside the partition.
• Boundary value analysis tin last applied at all Test levels(Unit, Integration, System together with Acceptance Testing).
Example 1:
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3
0 1 to 10 eleven to 99 or above
(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid)
Minimum/maximum 0
Minimum 1
Maximum 10
Minimum 11
Maximum 99
-------------------------------------
Example iii (Data Size)
Phone Number filed accepts 10 digits set out only
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3
Below 10 10 Above 10
(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid)
Minimum -9
Minimum together with Maximum - 10
Maximum -11
----------------------------------------
Example: User Id champaign accepts 10 to twenty characters
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3
Below 10 10 to 20 eleven to 99
Minimum -1
Maximum - 9
Minimum - 10
Maximum - 20
Minimum - 21
Maximum -99
--------------------------------------------------
c) Decision Table Testing
• The conclusion tables are skillful means to capture organization requirements that incorporate logical conditions.
• It may last applied for all situations when the activity of the software depends on logical decisions.
BSRB (Govt) System Job eligibility criteria,
Age should last inwards betwixt 21 together with 35
Conditions:
i) For SC or ST Candidates v Years historic menstruum relaxation
ii) For BC Candidates v Years historic menstruum relaxation
iii) PHC Candidates v Years historic menstruum relaxation
Category Age Valid/Invalid
----------------------------------------------
OC 20 Invalid
OC 21 Valid
OC 35 Valid
OC 36 Valid
BC 36 Valid
BC 39 Invalid
SC 39 Valid
PHC 39 Valid
ST 40 Valid
-----------------------------------------------------
Banking System involvement rates For fixed deposits.
1 to 2 years 7%
2 to iii Years 8%
3 to v Years 10%
Condition:
For Senior citizens 0.5% extra for all ranges
Age Period Interest Rate
-----------------------------------
25 1 year 7%
35 2.5 8%
56 4 10%
66 4 10.5%
--------------------------------------------------
d) State Transition Testing
• In State transition Testing Test cases are designed to execute valid together with invalid dry reason transitions.
• Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 System (Application Under Test) may demo a unlike reply on electrical flow weather or previous history.
Example: Internet Banking System Fund Transfer operation
Initial Balance: 45000
Transaction 1 Transaction Amount Transaction
1 20000 Successful (Pass)
2 20000 Successful (Pass)
3 20000 Unsuccessful (Pass)
--------------------------------------------------
e) Use Case Testing
• In Use Case Testing Test Cases are designed to execute User Scenarios or Business Scenarios.
• Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Use Case describes interactions betwixt actors, including users together with the system.
• Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Use illustration ordinarily has a mainstream scenario together with sometimes choice scenarios.
Example:
Business Scenario: ATM Cash Withdrawal operation
Mainstream Scenario:
1)
User: Inserts ATM Card
System: Asks for PIN
2)
User: Enters PIN
System: Validates PIN together with asks to pick out language
3)
User: Selects Language
System: Asks to pick out Account Type
4)
User: Selects Account Type
System: Asks to larn into Amount
5)
User: Enters Amount
System: Releases Money
--------------------------------------------------
Alternatives
2a) Suppose if user enters invalid Pin
System: Shows fault message together with asks to larn into right PIN
User: Enters Correct PIN
-----------------------
4a) Suppose if user selects wrong Account Type
System: Shows fault together with asks to pick out right Account Type
User: Select right trouble concern human relationship type
5a) If User enters wrong sum (More than the residuum sum or to a greater extent than than the solar daytime limit)
System: Shows Error message together with asks to larn into right amount
User: Enters right amount
--------------------------------------------------
1) Introduction to Software Test Design Techniques
2) Static together with Dynamic Test Design Techniques
3) Black box Test Design Techniques
a) Equivalence Partitioning (EP)
b) Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
c) Decision Table Testing
d) State Transition Testing
e) Use Case Testing
--------------------------------------------------
1) Introduction to Software Test Design Techniques
> What is Technique?
An Efficient means of doing or achieving something.
> What is Test Design Technique?
A attempt blueprint technique is used to pick out a skillful laid of tests from the all possible tests for a given system.
> Why nosotros demand to purpose Test Design Techniques?
Exhaustive Testing is non possible, together with then nosotros demand to purpose Test Design Techniques inwards club to trim the size of the input.
Exhaustive Testing is a Test approach inwards which the attempt suite comprises all combination of input values together with preconditions.
Exhaustive Testing is non recommendable due to Time together with Budget considerations.
> Categories of Test Design Techniques?
There are 2 master copy categories of Test Design Techniques, They are:
a) Static Techniques
b) Dynamic Techniques
--------------------------------------------------
2) Static together with Dynamic Test Design Techniques
A) Static Techniques
> Testing of the software documents manually or amongst a laid of tools but without executing the Software.
Two types of static testing techniques
i) Reviews (Manual Examination)
ii) Static Analysis (Automated Analysis)
-------------------------------
i) Reviews
Types of Reviews
a) Informal Review
b) Walkthrough
c) Technical Review
d) Inspection
ii) Static Analysis
Static analysis tools are typically used past times developers, Compilers offering merely about back upwards for Static analysis,
------------------------------------
B) Dynamic Test Design Techniques
> The software is tested past times executing it on computer.
Categories of Dynamic Test Design Techniques
i) Specification based or Black box Techniques a) Equivalence Partitioning (EP)
b) Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
c) Decision Table Testing
d) State Transition Testing
e) Use Case Testing Etc...
ii) Structure based or White box Techniques a) Statement Testing together with coverage
b) Decision Testing together with Coverage
c) Condition Testing, Multi Condition Testing etc...
iii) Experience based Techniques a) Error Guessing
b) Exploratory Testing
--------------------------------------------------
3) Black box Test Design Techniques
a) Equivalence Partitioning (EP)
b) Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
c) Decision Table Testing
d) State Transition Testing
e) Use Case Testing
--------------------------------------------------
a) Equivalence Partitioning (EP)
• It tin last applied at whatever degree of testing (Unit, Integration, System together with Acceptance Testing)
• In Equivalence Partitioning, inputs to the Software are divided into groups that are expected to demo similar behavior.
• Equivalence Partitions/Classes tin last flora for both valid information together with invalid data.
Example 1 (Data Range):
Tickets champaign inwards a Reservation organization accepts 1 to 10 Tickets only.
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3
0 1 to 10 eleven to 99 or above
(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid)
Example 2 (Data Type):
Customer Identification Number champaign inwards a CRM organization accepts exclusively numbers.
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3 Partition 4
Alpha bytes Numbers Special Characters Alpha-numeric
(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid) (Invalid)
Example iii (Data Size)
Phone Number filed accepts 10 digits set out only
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3
Below 10 10 Above 10
(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid)
Example four (Others)
A Payment administration organization accepts credit carte du jour payments only
Partition 1 Partisan 2 Partisan 3
Credit card Net Banking Cash on Delivery
(Valid) (Invalid) (Invalid)
--------------------------------------------------
b) Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
• The maximum together with minimum values of a segmentation are its boundary values.
• Behavior at border of each equivalence segmentation is to a greater extent than probable to last wrong than demeanour inside the partition.
• Boundary value analysis tin last applied at all Test levels(Unit, Integration, System together with Acceptance Testing).
Example 1:
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3
0 1 to 10 eleven to 99 or above
(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid)
Minimum/maximum 0
Minimum 1
Maximum 10
Minimum 11
Maximum 99
-------------------------------------
Example iii (Data Size)
Phone Number filed accepts 10 digits set out only
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3
Below 10 10 Above 10
(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid)
Minimum -9
Minimum together with Maximum - 10
Maximum -11
----------------------------------------
Example: User Id champaign accepts 10 to twenty characters
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3
Below 10 10 to 20 eleven to 99
Minimum -1
Maximum - 9
Minimum - 10
Maximum - 20
Minimum - 21
Maximum -99
--------------------------------------------------
c) Decision Table Testing
• The conclusion tables are skillful means to capture organization requirements that incorporate logical conditions.
• It may last applied for all situations when the activity of the software depends on logical decisions.
BSRB (Govt) System Job eligibility criteria,
Age should last inwards betwixt 21 together with 35
Conditions:
i) For SC or ST Candidates v Years historic menstruum relaxation
ii) For BC Candidates v Years historic menstruum relaxation
iii) PHC Candidates v Years historic menstruum relaxation
Category Age Valid/Invalid
----------------------------------------------
OC 20 Invalid
OC 21 Valid
OC 35 Valid
OC 36 Valid
BC 36 Valid
BC 39 Invalid
SC 39 Valid
PHC 39 Valid
ST 40 Valid
-----------------------------------------------------
Banking System involvement rates For fixed deposits.
1 to 2 years 7%
2 to iii Years 8%
3 to v Years 10%
Condition:
For Senior citizens 0.5% extra for all ranges
Age Period Interest Rate
-----------------------------------
25 1 year 7%
35 2.5 8%
56 4 10%
66 4 10.5%
--------------------------------------------------
d) State Transition Testing
• In State transition Testing Test cases are designed to execute valid together with invalid dry reason transitions.
• Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 System (Application Under Test) may demo a unlike reply on electrical flow weather or previous history.
Example: Internet Banking System Fund Transfer operation
Initial Balance: 45000
Transaction 1 Transaction Amount Transaction
1 20000 Successful (Pass)
2 20000 Successful (Pass)
3 20000 Unsuccessful (Pass)
--------------------------------------------------
e) Use Case Testing
• In Use Case Testing Test Cases are designed to execute User Scenarios or Business Scenarios.
• Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Use Case describes interactions betwixt actors, including users together with the system.
• Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Use illustration ordinarily has a mainstream scenario together with sometimes choice scenarios.
Example:
Business Scenario: ATM Cash Withdrawal operation
Mainstream Scenario:
1)
User: Inserts ATM Card
System: Asks for PIN
2)
User: Enters PIN
System: Validates PIN together with asks to pick out language
3)
User: Selects Language
System: Asks to pick out Account Type
4)
User: Selects Account Type
System: Asks to larn into Amount
5)
User: Enters Amount
System: Releases Money
--------------------------------------------------
Alternatives
2a) Suppose if user enters invalid Pin
System: Shows fault message together with asks to larn into right PIN
User: Enters Correct PIN
-----------------------
4a) Suppose if user selects wrong Account Type
System: Shows fault together with asks to pick out right Account Type
User: Select right trouble concern human relationship type
5a) If User enters wrong sum (More than the residuum sum or to a greater extent than than the solar daytime limit)
System: Shows Error message together with asks to larn into right amount
User: Enters right amount
--------------------------------------------------