1) What is Agile?
AGILE is a methodology that promotes continuous iteration of evolution too testing throughout the software evolution life bicycle of the project. Both evolution too testing activities are concurrent dissimilar the Waterfall model.
2) What is Agile testing?
Agile Testing is testing practise that follows the principles of agile software development. Agile testing involves all members of an agile squad alongside special skills too expertise to ensure employment concern value is delivered at frequent intervals.
3) In what way does the Agile Testing /Development Methodology differs from the other testing /development methodologies?
Anytime applying agile methodology, the testers /developers ensure that the whole procedure of testing /development is broke into equally modest steps equally possible too exactly a modest unit of measurement of code is tested /developed inwards each of this steps. The squad of testers /developers is communicating consistently the results of their work, too alter the brusk term strategy too fifty-fifty the evolution programme on the go, based on the results of agile testing. Agile methodology encourages flexible too rapid answer to alter which should Pb to a amend terminate result.
4) How is it different to traditional Waterfall or the V model?
The large divergence is that inwards agile environment, testing is non a phase, it is an activity parallel to development.
• In agile environment, modest features of software are delivered frequently, hence testing activity should locomote parallel to evolution activity. Testing fourth dimension is brusk equally nosotros are solely testing modest features.
• In the waterfall model, in that location is a testing stage at the terminate of the evolution so, testing is a large attempt done after the whole application is developed. Testing fourth dimension is long equally nosotros receive got to exam the whole application.
5) What are the different Methodologies inwards agile testing?
There are diverse methods nowadays inwards agile testing such as,
• Scrum
• Crystal Methodologies
• DSDM(Dynamic Software Development Method)
• Feature driven development(FDD)
• Lean software development
• Extreme Programming(XP)
6) List out the pros too cons of exploratory testing (used inwards Agile) too scripted testing?
Exploratory Testing:
Pros:
• It requires less preparation- Easy to modify when requirement changes
• Works good when documentation is scarce
Cons:
• Presenting progress too Coverage to projection administration is difficult
Scripted Testing:
Pros:
• In representative testing against legal or regulatory requirements it is really useful
Cons:
• Test grooming is commonly time-consuming- Same steps are tested over too again
• When requirement changes it is hard to modify
7) What are the benefits of Agile Software development?
Agile methods grew out of the real-life projection experiences of leading software professionals who had experienced the challenges too limitations of traditional waterfall evolution on projection after project. The approach promoted past times agile evolution is inwards straight answer to the number associated alongside traditional software evolution – both inwards damage of overall philosophy equally good equally specific processes.
8) What is the Agile Manifesto?
The agile software evolution emphasizes on 4 meat values:
• Individual too squad interactions over processes too tools
• Working software over comprehensive documentation
• Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
• Responding to alter over next a plan
9) What are some of the fundamental features of Agile Development?
Some of the fundamental features of agile evolution are,
• Collective code ownership too liberty to change.
• Incremental approach (e.g. user stories are incrementally implemented). Automation (e.g. TDD -- Test Driven Development).
• Customer focused (for e.g. internal too external users too employment concern analysts are your immediate customers).
• Design must locomote simple.
• Designing is an ongoing activity alongside constant re-factoring to accomplish the rules of code simplicity similar no duplication, verified past times automated tests, separation of responsibilities, too minimum number of classes, methods, too lines.
10) What is Scrum?
Scrum is an innovative approach to getting piece of work done inwards efficient way. It is iterative & incremental agile software evolution method. These iterations are fourth dimension boxed alongside diverse iterations & each iteration is called Sprint. According to latest surveys Scrum is the most pop agile projection administration methodology inwards software development. The term Scrum is formed from Rugby.
Scrum is ideally used where highly emergent or rapidly changing requirements. Scrum is basically worked on a self-organizing, cross-functional team. In the overall scrum squad in that location is no squad leader who assign the employment to squad rather whole scrum members piece of work equally a squad & they decides the employment on which they volition piece of work on. Also the employment volition locomote resolve past times team.
11) What are the 3 primary roles inwards Scrum?
The Scrum squad consists of 3 primary roles:
• Product Owner: Manages the production backlog. PO is the phonation of the employment concern too do novel features to locomote developed for the application.
• Scrum Master: Responsible for managing the sprint, withdraw whatever impediments too keeps rails of the progress of the project.
• Scrum Team itself: Composed of developers, designers too QA. This forms the squad which is responsible for delivering high lineament software.
12) What is Sprint?
Sprint is a predefined interval or the fourth dimension frame inwards which the piece of work has to locomote completed too larn inwards prepare for review or prepare for production deployment. This fourth dimension box commonly lies betwixt 2 weeks to 1 month. In our hateful solar daytime to hateful solar daytime life when nosotros state that nosotros follow 1 calendar month Sprint cycle, it only way that nosotros piece of work for ane calendar month on the tasks too larn inwards prepare for review past times the terminate of that month.
13) Explain how you lot tin mensurate the velocity of the sprint alongside varying squad capacity?
When planning a sprint usually, the velocity of the sprint is measured on the solid soil of professional person judgment based on historical data. However, the mathematical formula used to mensurate the velocity of the sprint are,
• First – completed floor points X squad capacity: If you lot mensurate capacity equally a per centum of a xl hours weeks
• Second – completed floor points / squad capacity: If you lot mensurate capacity inwards man-hours
For our scenario instant method is applicable.
14) What is an epic, user stories too task?
• Epic: H5N1 client described software characteristic that is itemized inwards the production backlog is known equally epic. Epics are sub-divided into stories
• User Stories: From the client perspective user stories are prepared which defines projection or employment concern functions, too it is delivered inwards a detail sprint equally expected.
• Task: Further downwards user stories are broken downwards into different task
15) Mention the fundamental divergence betwixt sprint backlog too production backlog?
• Product backlog: It contains a listing of all desired features too is owned past times the production owner
• Sprint backlog: It is a subset of the production backlog owned past times evolution squad too commits to deliver it inwards a sprint. It is created inwards Sprint Planning Meeting
16) In Agile advert what is the divergence betwixt the Incremental too Iterative development?
• Iterative: Iterative method is a continuous procedure of software evolution where the software evolution cycles are repeated (Sprint & Releases) till the finally production is achieved.
Release 1: Sprint 1, 2… n
Release n: Sprint 1, 2….n
• Incremental: Incremental evolution segregates the arrangement functionality into increments or portions. In each increment, each segment of functionality is delivered through cross-discipline work, from the requirements to the deployment.
17) Explain what is Spike too Zero sprint inwards Agile? What is the purpose of it?
• Sprint Zero: It is introduced to perform some query earlier initiating the initiative off sprint. Usually this sprint is used during the start of the projection for activities similar setting evolution environment, preparing production backlog too hence on.
• Spikes: Spikes are type of stories that are used for activities similar research, exploration, pattern too fifty-fifty prototyping. In betwixt sprints, you lot tin select spikes for the piece of work related to whatever technical or pattern issue. Spikes are of 2 types Technical Spikes too Functional Spikes.
18) What is Extreme Programming (XP)?
Extreme Programming technique is really helpful when in that location is constantly changing demands or requirements from the customers or when they are non certain nearly the functionality of the system. It advocates frequent "releases" of the production inwards brusk evolution cycles, which inherently improves the productivity of the arrangement too also introduces a checkpoint where whatever client requirements tin locomote easily implemented. The XP develops software keeping client inwards the target.
19) What is Test Driven Development?
Test driven evolution or TDD is also known equally test-driven design. In this method, developer initiative off writes an automated exam representative which describes novel business office or improvement too and then creates modest codes to top that test, too subsequently re-factors the novel code to regard the acceptable standards.
20) What is a Test stub?
A exam stub is a flake of code that replaces an undeveloped or fully developed factor inside a arrangement existence tested. The exam stub is built such that it mimics the actual factor past times generating specific known outputs. The stub tin locomote used equally a substitute for the actual (fully developed) factor for testing purposes. The stub tin also locomote used during testing to isolate arrangement components too troubleshoot problems. H5N1 exam stub is also known equally a exam double.
21) What is Crystal Methodology?
Crystal Methodology is based on 3 concepts,
• Chartering: Various activities involved inwards this stage are creating a evolution team, performing a preliminary feasibility analysis, developing an initial programme too fine-tuning the evolution methodology
• Cyclic delivery: The primary evolution stage consists of 2 or to a greater extent than delivery cycles, during which the
i. Team updates too refines the release plan
ii. Implements a subset of the requirements through ane or to a greater extent than programme exam integrate iterations
iii. Integrated production is delivered to existent users
iv. Review of the projection programme too adopted evolution methodology
• Wrap Up: The activities performed inwards this stage are deployment into the user environment, post- deployment reviews too reflections are performed.
22) Explain inwards Agile, burn-up too burn-down chart?
To rails the projection progress give the sack upwardly too give the sack downwards charts are used,
• Burn upwardly Chart: It shows the progress of stories done over time
• Burn downwards Chart: It shows how much piece of work was left to do overtime
23) What is Dynamic Software Development Method (DSDM)?
DSDM is a Rapid Application Development (RAD) approach to software evolution too provides an agile projection delivery framework. The of import seem of DSDM is that the users are required to locomote involved actively, too the teams are given the might to brand decisions. Frequent delivery of production becomes the active focus alongside DSDM.
24) Explain what is Scrum ban?
Scrum ban is a software evolution model based on Scrum too Kanban. It is specially designed for projection that requires frequent maintenance, having unexpected user stories too programming errors. Using these approach, the team’s workflow is guided inwards a way that allows minimum completion fourth dimension for each user floor or programming error.
25) What is Feature Driven Development (FDD)?
This method is focused around "designing & building" features. Unlike other agile methods, FDD describes really specific too brusk phases of piece of work that has to locomote accomplished separately per feature. It includes domain walkthrough, pattern inspection, promote to build, code inspection too design.
26) What is Lean Software Development?
Lean software evolution method is based on the regulation "Just inwards fourth dimension production". It aims at increasing speed of software evolution too decreasing cost.
27) What is Re-factoring?
Re-factoring is modifying existing code to improve its performance, readability, extensibility etc. The code’s functionality remains equally it is.
28) What are the 2 fundamental factors when working equally a QA inwards an agile team?
QA tin add together a lot of value to an agile squad because of the different mindset. Testers tin too should recollect nearly the different possible scenarios to exam a story. However the most of import property that they tin convey is:
• To preclude defect:QA should advocate best practices along the way to preclude defects from entering the arrangement inwards the initiative off place.
• To supply fast feedback: It is of import for developers to know if the novel functionality plant equally expected too if regression tests pass, too they demand that feedback quite quickly. QA should supply the results of the tests to developers equally before long equally possible.
29) What are the Disadvantages of Agile model?
• In representative of some software deliverables, particularly the large ones, it is hard to assess the attempt required at the start of the software evolution life cycle.
• There is lack of emphasis on necessary designing too documentation.
• The projection tin easily larn taken off rails if the client representative is non clear what finally consequence that they want.
• Only senior programmers are capable of taking the variety of decisions required during the evolution process. Hence it has no house for newbie programmers, unless combined alongside experienced resources.