LoadRunner Interview Questions too Answers
1) What is LoadRunner?
Loadrunner is a functioning testing tool. It is developed past times Mercury too acquired past times HP. Latest version of Loadrunner is LoadRunner12.
2) What is the purpose of LoadRunner?
The purpose of LoadRunner is to accurately mensurate too analyze the functioning too functionality of a system.
3) What are the components of LoadRunner?
Load Runner contains the next components:
• Virtual User Generator: captures end-user problem organization procedure too creates an automated functioning testing scripts, known every bit Vuser script.
• Controller: organizes drives, manages too monitor the charge test.
• Load generators: creates the charge past times running Vusers.
• Analysis: helps to view, dissect too compare the functioning results.
• Launcher: provides a unmarried betoken of access for all of the Load Runner components.
4) What Component of LoadRunner would you lot exercise to play dorsum the script inwards multi user mode?
The Controller factor is used to playback the script inwards multi-user mode. This is done during a scenario run where a vuser script is executed past times a number of vusers inwards a group.
5) What is the LoadRunner testing process?
Following are the testing procedure inwards Load Runner:
• Plan charge test
• Create Vuser Scripts
• Define Scenario
• Run Scenario
• Analyse results
6) What Component of LoadRunner is used to tape a script?
The Virtual User Generator (VuGen) factor is used to tape a script too it enables you lot to educate Vuser scripts for a multifariousness of application types too communication protocols.
7) What is charge runner Agent?
Agent is interface betwixt host machine too controller.
8) Can LoadRunner survive used to seek out non-web based applications such every bit desktop applications?
LoadRunner tin survive used for desktop applications. When the VUE generator is started, it allows the tester to select the protocol that should survive used. In improver to options for web-based applications, at that spot are options for client/server applications every bit well.
9) What protocols are supported past times LoadRunner?
LoadRunner supports criterion protocols for the manufacture such every bit ODBC too HTTP every bit good every bit whatever other protocol that communicates over a windows socket.
10) Why is a Vuser script created?
The Vuser script is created to imitate the activity that a virtual user volition perform when executing a scenario.
11) What is the practise goodness of running a Vuser script every bit a thread?
The wages of running a Vuser script every bit a thread which allows to a greater extent than Vusers to survive used for 1 charge generator. Running Vuser scripts every bit processes utilizes a lot of retention because all of the loaded scripts exercise the same driver.This limits the number of Vuser scripts that tin survive run on 1 generator.
12) How many types of graphs are available inwards LoadRunner?
There are v types of graphs they are,
• Network delay fourth dimension graph – displays the fourth dimension that elapses betwixt asking too response
• Two transaction reply fourth dimension graphs – 1 transaction reply fourth dimension graph for charge too to a greater extent than or less other 1 for percentile
• Hits/second graph – Shows application traffic volume
• Pages download/second graph – shows the charge per unit of measurement at which pages are downloaded per second
13) What is the Rendezvous point?
Rendezvous betoken helps inwards emulating heavy user charge (request) on the server. This instructs Vusers to deed simultaneously. When the vuser reaches the Rendezvous point, it waits for all Vusers amongst Rendezvous point. Once designated numbers of Vusers reaches it, the Vusers are released. Function lr_rendezvous is used to practise the Rendezvous point. This tin survive inserted by:
• Rendezvous push clit on the floating Recording toolbar piece recording.
• After recording Rendezvous betoken is inserted through Insert> Rendezvous.
14) What are the unlike sections of the script? In what sequence does these department runs?
LoadRunner script has 3 sections vuser_init, Action too vuser_end.
• vuser_init has requests/actions to login to the application/server.
• Action has actual code to seek out the functionality of the application. This tin survive played many times inwards iterations.
• Vuser_end has requests/actions to login out the application/server.
The sequence inwards which these sections teach executed is vuser_init is at the really start too vuser_end at the really end. Action is executed inwards betwixt the two.
15) How many VUsers are required for charge testing?
This is essentially a play a joke on question.
The number of VUsers required depends on your organization nether test, network configurations, hardware settings, memory, operating system, software applications objective of functioning test. There cannot survive whatever generic value for Vuser.
16) How tin you lot prepare the number of Vusers inwards Loadrunner?
You tin prepare the number of Vusers inwards the controller department piece creating your scenarios. Many other advanced options similar ramp-up, ramp-down of Vusers are also available inwards the Controller section.
17) What are the types of cheque points is available inwards LoadRunner?
Loadrunner provides 2 types of cheque points they are,
• Image Checkpoints: This checkpoint volition verify the presence of an picture on a page during run-time
• Text Checkpoint: This checkpoint volition verify the presence of a text-string on a page during run-time
Both of the to a higher house checkpoints tin survive added inwards Vugen.
18) What is Elapsed Time inwards Load Runner?
Elapsed fourth dimension designates how much fourth dimension has passed since the launch of the electrical flow lawsuit too is measured differently for unlike screens every bit given below -
• In Scenario Status Window - Elapsed fourth dimension is measured from the minute you lot striking "Start Scenario" or “Initialize/Run Vuser?" button.
• In "Vuser" window elapsed fourth dimension is measured kind out the minute Vuser enters "running" state.
19) What is the procedure for developing a Vuser Script?
There are 4 steps for developing a vuser script they are,
• Record the Vuser Script.
• Playback / Enhance the recorded vuser script.
• Define the diverse run-time settings & check
• Incorporate the script inwards a Loadrunner scenario
20) What is the difference inwards running the Vuser every bit a procedure too every bit a thread? Which is to a greater extent than advantageous means of running Vuser?
• When Vuser is run every bit a procedure the same driver programme is loaded into retention for each Vuser. This volition accept a large amount of retention too volition bound the number of Vusers you lot tin run on a unmarried generator
• When Vuser is run every bit a thread, alone 1 representative of driver programme is shared past times given number of Vusers. You tin run to a greater extent than number of Vusers on a unmarried generator using the multi-threading mode.
21) What are monitors?
Monitors are used to "monitor" functioning bottlenecks. They are used inwards Controller department of Load Runner.
22) How to Configuring Load Runner Monitors?Configuring Load Runner Monitors
• Go to run tab of controller window.
• Select the corresponding monitor.
• Drag too driblet the monitor into whatever graphs.
• Right click on graph too select add together measurements.
• Click on ADD too come inwards the machine mention of the Web/App/DBserver
• Click on ADD too select the required functioning counter to survive measured during the scenario.
• Click on OK.
23) Define concurrent load?
Concurrent charge is a charge of Vusers that volition survive logged into the organization or application simultaneously inwards fellowship to set stress on the server.
24) How practise nosotros write a user defined constituent inwards LoadRunner?
Use should practise the external library that contains the function. This library must hence survive added to the bin directory of VuGen. And then, the user-defined constituent tin survive assigned every bit a parameter.
25) How tin nosotros divulge database related issues?
Monitors too the Data Resource Graph tin survive used to divulge database related issues. LoadRunner allow the tester to specify the resources that needs to survive measured earlier the controller is run.
26) What is correlation?
Correlation is used to obtain information which are unique for each run of the script too which are generated past times nested queries. Correlation provides the value to avoid errors arising out of duplicate values too also optimizing the code (to avoid nested queries).
27) Explain the difference betwixt automatic correlation too manual correlation?
Automatic correlation is where nosotros prepare to a greater extent than or less rules for correlation. It tin survive application server specific. Here values are replaced past times information which are created past times these rules. In manual correlation, the value nosotros desire to correlate is scanned too practise correlation is used to correlate.
28) Where practise you lot prepare automatic correlation options?
Automatic correlation from spider web betoken of persuasion tin survive prepare inwards recording options too correlation tab. Here nosotros tin enable correlation for the entire script too pick out either number online messages or offline actions, where nosotros tin define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database tin survive done using exhibit output window too scan for correlation too picking the correlate query tab too pick out which query value nosotros desire to correlate. If nosotros know the specific value to survive correlated, nosotros simply practise do correlation for the value too specify how the value to survive created.
29) What is criterion divergence inwards loadrunner?
Standard divergence inwards loadrunner is done amongst the full reply times of a item transaction. For example, if you lot ran a transaction for 10 iterations. It volition accept the 10 transaction reply times too calculates the Standard Deviation. If the criterion divergence betwixt these 10 values is high. Then it is a bottleneck, it should ever low.
Examples:
• Response times for login page amongst v iterations ->1, 1, 1, 1, 1=Standard Deviation is 0
• Response times for a logout page amongst v iterations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6=Standard Deviation is 2.5 which is high.
30) What is IP Spoofer inwards loadrunner?
We tin practise the IP addresses dynamically using IP Spoofer.
31) What is parameterization & why is parameterization necessary inwards the script?
Replacing difficult coded values inside the script amongst a parameter is called Parameterization. This helps a unmarried virtual user (vuser) to exercise unlike information on each run. This simulates existent life usage of application every bit it avoids server from caching results.
32) Why practise you lot practise parameters?
Parameters are similar script variables. They are used to vary input to the server too to emulate existent users. Different sets of information are sent to the server each fourth dimension the script is run. Better imitate the usage model for to a greater extent than accurate testing from the Controller; 1 script tin emulate many unlike users on the system.
33) What are the unlike type of parameters available?
Custom, Date/Time, File, Group Name, Iteration Number, Load Generator Name, Random Number, Table, Unique Number, User Defined Function too Vuser ID.
34) What is the difference betwixt correlation too parameterization?
Differences betwixt correlation too parameterization are below:
• In correlation, dynamically generated values or information are used throughout the script where every bit inwards parameterization, user defined or user provided values are used.
• The values inwards correlation is given past times the server automatically where every bit inwards parameterization, values is given past times database manually.
• In correlation, Tester doesn’t know these values but inwards parameterization tester know these values.
• Sometime correlation is mandatory but parameterization is optional.
35) What is the difference betwixt Overlay graph too Correlate graph?
Overlay Graph: It volition overlay the content of 2 graphs that shares a mutual x-axis
Correlate Graph: It volition Plot the Y-axis of 2 graphs against each other.
36) What are the number of graphs you lot tin monitor using Controller at a time? What is the max of them?
One, two, 4 too viii graphs tin survive seen at a time. The maximum number of graphs tin survive monitored inwards at a fourth dimension is 8.
37) What is ramp upward too ramp down?
• RAMP: creating too initializing Virtual Users (VUser) on the solid soil on design. It is non necessary to practise Ramp. By default nosotros tin practise 10 Vuser from a unmarried computer.
• Ramp Up: is a procedure when nosotros initiative of all practise the Vuser too hence initialize it.
• Ramp Down: Disposing the Vuser, created inwards Ramp UP. If nosotros don’t perform the Ramp upward hence the conduct chances of Junk retention increases.
38) Explain Error treatment inwards LoadRunner?
We tin specify how a Vuser handles errors during script execution. By default, when a Vuser detects an error, it exits. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 run-time setting is used to instruct a Vuser to consummate the execution of the seek out script when an mistake occurs piece executing the script.
• For doing this, select the Continue on Error cheque box inwards the miscellaneous run-time settings.
• Instruct VuGen to consummate all execution inwards where an lr_error_message constituent was invoked, every bit Failed.
• The lr_error_message constituent is invoked past times a programmed “If statement”, when a surely status is met.
39) How practise you lot position the functioning bottlenecks?
• Performance Bottlenecks tin survive detected past times using monitors.
• These monitors mightiness survive application server monitors, spider web server monitors, database server monitors too network monitors.
• They assistance inwards finding out the troubled surface area inwards our scenario which causes increased reply time.
• The measurements made are unremarkably functioning reply time, throughput, hits/sec, network delay graphs, etc.
40) What is the difference betwixt transaction too transaction representative inwards loadrunner?
• Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 transaction is used to mensurate fourth dimension betwixt executions of surely statements.
• Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 transaction representative is used for functioning analysis.
Sumber http://www.gcreddy.com/
1) What is LoadRunner?
Loadrunner is a functioning testing tool. It is developed past times Mercury too acquired past times HP. Latest version of Loadrunner is LoadRunner12.
2) What is the purpose of LoadRunner?
The purpose of LoadRunner is to accurately mensurate too analyze the functioning too functionality of a system.
3) What are the components of LoadRunner?
Load Runner contains the next components:
• Virtual User Generator: captures end-user problem organization procedure too creates an automated functioning testing scripts, known every bit Vuser script.
• Controller: organizes drives, manages too monitor the charge test.
• Load generators: creates the charge past times running Vusers.
• Analysis: helps to view, dissect too compare the functioning results.
• Launcher: provides a unmarried betoken of access for all of the Load Runner components.
4) What Component of LoadRunner would you lot exercise to play dorsum the script inwards multi user mode?
The Controller factor is used to playback the script inwards multi-user mode. This is done during a scenario run where a vuser script is executed past times a number of vusers inwards a group.
5) What is the LoadRunner testing process?
Following are the testing procedure inwards Load Runner:
• Plan charge test
• Create Vuser Scripts
• Define Scenario
• Run Scenario
• Analyse results
6) What Component of LoadRunner is used to tape a script?
The Virtual User Generator (VuGen) factor is used to tape a script too it enables you lot to educate Vuser scripts for a multifariousness of application types too communication protocols.
7) What is charge runner Agent?
Agent is interface betwixt host machine too controller.
8) Can LoadRunner survive used to seek out non-web based applications such every bit desktop applications?
LoadRunner tin survive used for desktop applications. When the VUE generator is started, it allows the tester to select the protocol that should survive used. In improver to options for web-based applications, at that spot are options for client/server applications every bit well.
9) What protocols are supported past times LoadRunner?
LoadRunner supports criterion protocols for the manufacture such every bit ODBC too HTTP every bit good every bit whatever other protocol that communicates over a windows socket.
10) Why is a Vuser script created?
The Vuser script is created to imitate the activity that a virtual user volition perform when executing a scenario.
11) What is the practise goodness of running a Vuser script every bit a thread?
The wages of running a Vuser script every bit a thread which allows to a greater extent than Vusers to survive used for 1 charge generator. Running Vuser scripts every bit processes utilizes a lot of retention because all of the loaded scripts exercise the same driver.This limits the number of Vuser scripts that tin survive run on 1 generator.
12) How many types of graphs are available inwards LoadRunner?
There are v types of graphs they are,
• Network delay fourth dimension graph – displays the fourth dimension that elapses betwixt asking too response
• Two transaction reply fourth dimension graphs – 1 transaction reply fourth dimension graph for charge too to a greater extent than or less other 1 for percentile
• Hits/second graph – Shows application traffic volume
• Pages download/second graph – shows the charge per unit of measurement at which pages are downloaded per second
13) What is the Rendezvous point?
Rendezvous betoken helps inwards emulating heavy user charge (request) on the server. This instructs Vusers to deed simultaneously. When the vuser reaches the Rendezvous point, it waits for all Vusers amongst Rendezvous point. Once designated numbers of Vusers reaches it, the Vusers are released. Function lr_rendezvous is used to practise the Rendezvous point. This tin survive inserted by:
• Rendezvous push clit on the floating Recording toolbar piece recording.
• After recording Rendezvous betoken is inserted through Insert> Rendezvous.
14) What are the unlike sections of the script? In what sequence does these department runs?
LoadRunner script has 3 sections vuser_init, Action too vuser_end.
• vuser_init has requests/actions to login to the application/server.
• Action has actual code to seek out the functionality of the application. This tin survive played many times inwards iterations.
• Vuser_end has requests/actions to login out the application/server.
The sequence inwards which these sections teach executed is vuser_init is at the really start too vuser_end at the really end. Action is executed inwards betwixt the two.
15) How many VUsers are required for charge testing?
This is essentially a play a joke on question.
The number of VUsers required depends on your organization nether test, network configurations, hardware settings, memory, operating system, software applications objective of functioning test. There cannot survive whatever generic value for Vuser.
16) How tin you lot prepare the number of Vusers inwards Loadrunner?
You tin prepare the number of Vusers inwards the controller department piece creating your scenarios. Many other advanced options similar ramp-up, ramp-down of Vusers are also available inwards the Controller section.
17) What are the types of cheque points is available inwards LoadRunner?
Loadrunner provides 2 types of cheque points they are,
• Image Checkpoints: This checkpoint volition verify the presence of an picture on a page during run-time
• Text Checkpoint: This checkpoint volition verify the presence of a text-string on a page during run-time
Both of the to a higher house checkpoints tin survive added inwards Vugen.
18) What is Elapsed Time inwards Load Runner?
Elapsed fourth dimension designates how much fourth dimension has passed since the launch of the electrical flow lawsuit too is measured differently for unlike screens every bit given below -
• In Scenario Status Window - Elapsed fourth dimension is measured from the minute you lot striking "Start Scenario" or “Initialize/Run Vuser?" button.
• In "Vuser" window elapsed fourth dimension is measured kind out the minute Vuser enters "running" state.
19) What is the procedure for developing a Vuser Script?
There are 4 steps for developing a vuser script they are,
• Record the Vuser Script.
• Playback / Enhance the recorded vuser script.
• Define the diverse run-time settings & check
• Incorporate the script inwards a Loadrunner scenario
20) What is the difference inwards running the Vuser every bit a procedure too every bit a thread? Which is to a greater extent than advantageous means of running Vuser?
• When Vuser is run every bit a procedure the same driver programme is loaded into retention for each Vuser. This volition accept a large amount of retention too volition bound the number of Vusers you lot tin run on a unmarried generator
• When Vuser is run every bit a thread, alone 1 representative of driver programme is shared past times given number of Vusers. You tin run to a greater extent than number of Vusers on a unmarried generator using the multi-threading mode.
21) What are monitors?
Monitors are used to "monitor" functioning bottlenecks. They are used inwards Controller department of Load Runner.
22) How to Configuring Load Runner Monitors?Configuring Load Runner Monitors
• Go to run tab of controller window.
• Select the corresponding monitor.
• Drag too driblet the monitor into whatever graphs.
• Right click on graph too select add together measurements.
• Click on ADD too come inwards the machine mention of the Web/App/DBserver
• Click on ADD too select the required functioning counter to survive measured during the scenario.
• Click on OK.
23) Define concurrent load?
Concurrent charge is a charge of Vusers that volition survive logged into the organization or application simultaneously inwards fellowship to set stress on the server.
24) How practise nosotros write a user defined constituent inwards LoadRunner?
Use should practise the external library that contains the function. This library must hence survive added to the bin directory of VuGen. And then, the user-defined constituent tin survive assigned every bit a parameter.
25) How tin nosotros divulge database related issues?
Monitors too the Data Resource Graph tin survive used to divulge database related issues. LoadRunner allow the tester to specify the resources that needs to survive measured earlier the controller is run.
26) What is correlation?
Correlation is used to obtain information which are unique for each run of the script too which are generated past times nested queries. Correlation provides the value to avoid errors arising out of duplicate values too also optimizing the code (to avoid nested queries).
27) Explain the difference betwixt automatic correlation too manual correlation?
Automatic correlation is where nosotros prepare to a greater extent than or less rules for correlation. It tin survive application server specific. Here values are replaced past times information which are created past times these rules. In manual correlation, the value nosotros desire to correlate is scanned too practise correlation is used to correlate.
28) Where practise you lot prepare automatic correlation options?
Automatic correlation from spider web betoken of persuasion tin survive prepare inwards recording options too correlation tab. Here nosotros tin enable correlation for the entire script too pick out either number online messages or offline actions, where nosotros tin define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database tin survive done using exhibit output window too scan for correlation too picking the correlate query tab too pick out which query value nosotros desire to correlate. If nosotros know the specific value to survive correlated, nosotros simply practise do correlation for the value too specify how the value to survive created.
29) What is criterion divergence inwards loadrunner?
Standard divergence inwards loadrunner is done amongst the full reply times of a item transaction. For example, if you lot ran a transaction for 10 iterations. It volition accept the 10 transaction reply times too calculates the Standard Deviation. If the criterion divergence betwixt these 10 values is high. Then it is a bottleneck, it should ever low.
Examples:
• Response times for login page amongst v iterations ->1, 1, 1, 1, 1=Standard Deviation is 0
• Response times for a logout page amongst v iterations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6=Standard Deviation is 2.5 which is high.
30) What is IP Spoofer inwards loadrunner?
We tin practise the IP addresses dynamically using IP Spoofer.
31) What is parameterization & why is parameterization necessary inwards the script?
Replacing difficult coded values inside the script amongst a parameter is called Parameterization. This helps a unmarried virtual user (vuser) to exercise unlike information on each run. This simulates existent life usage of application every bit it avoids server from caching results.
32) Why practise you lot practise parameters?
Parameters are similar script variables. They are used to vary input to the server too to emulate existent users. Different sets of information are sent to the server each fourth dimension the script is run. Better imitate the usage model for to a greater extent than accurate testing from the Controller; 1 script tin emulate many unlike users on the system.
33) What are the unlike type of parameters available?
Custom, Date/Time, File, Group Name, Iteration Number, Load Generator Name, Random Number, Table, Unique Number, User Defined Function too Vuser ID.
34) What is the difference betwixt correlation too parameterization?
Differences betwixt correlation too parameterization are below:
• In correlation, dynamically generated values or information are used throughout the script where every bit inwards parameterization, user defined or user provided values are used.
• The values inwards correlation is given past times the server automatically where every bit inwards parameterization, values is given past times database manually.
• In correlation, Tester doesn’t know these values but inwards parameterization tester know these values.
• Sometime correlation is mandatory but parameterization is optional.
35) What is the difference betwixt Overlay graph too Correlate graph?
Overlay Graph: It volition overlay the content of 2 graphs that shares a mutual x-axis
Correlate Graph: It volition Plot the Y-axis of 2 graphs against each other.
36) What are the number of graphs you lot tin monitor using Controller at a time? What is the max of them?
One, two, 4 too viii graphs tin survive seen at a time. The maximum number of graphs tin survive monitored inwards at a fourth dimension is 8.
37) What is ramp upward too ramp down?
• RAMP: creating too initializing Virtual Users (VUser) on the solid soil on design. It is non necessary to practise Ramp. By default nosotros tin practise 10 Vuser from a unmarried computer.
• Ramp Up: is a procedure when nosotros initiative of all practise the Vuser too hence initialize it.
• Ramp Down: Disposing the Vuser, created inwards Ramp UP. If nosotros don’t perform the Ramp upward hence the conduct chances of Junk retention increases.
38) Explain Error treatment inwards LoadRunner?
We tin specify how a Vuser handles errors during script execution. By default, when a Vuser detects an error, it exits. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 run-time setting is used to instruct a Vuser to consummate the execution of the seek out script when an mistake occurs piece executing the script.
• For doing this, select the Continue on Error cheque box inwards the miscellaneous run-time settings.
• Instruct VuGen to consummate all execution inwards where an lr_error_message constituent was invoked, every bit Failed.
• The lr_error_message constituent is invoked past times a programmed “If statement”, when a surely status is met.
39) How practise you lot position the functioning bottlenecks?
• Performance Bottlenecks tin survive detected past times using monitors.
• These monitors mightiness survive application server monitors, spider web server monitors, database server monitors too network monitors.
• They assistance inwards finding out the troubled surface area inwards our scenario which causes increased reply time.
• The measurements made are unremarkably functioning reply time, throughput, hits/sec, network delay graphs, etc.
40) What is the difference betwixt transaction too transaction representative inwards loadrunner?
• Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 transaction is used to mensurate fourth dimension betwixt executions of surely statements.
• Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 transaction representative is used for functioning analysis.